2. Essay Writing

 

2. Essay Writing

Essay writing has assumed a great importance. It is thought to be the most effective test of the ability of the student to write clear, simple and direct English.

A. Kinds of Essay:

According to the subject matter and form, essays are divided under the following heads.

1. Descriptive Essay: Descriptive essay consists of the description of some person, place or thing

2. Narrative Essay: Narrative essay consists of the narration of some event, action or movement. The event may be imaginary or historical or a personal experience of the writer.

3. Reflective Essay: Reflective essay consists of reflection or thoughts on some topic of an abstract nature.

4. Expository Essay: Expository essay is an explanatory essay. It generally consists of an explanation of some subjects.

5. Imaginative essay: Imaginative essay is an essay in which one’s imagination plays a free part.

 

B. Parts of an Essay

An essay is generally dived into three parts.

1. Introduction (one paragraph): It should be brief and should indicate what is to follow. It should express clearly the essential theme (controlling idea or thesis

statement) of the subject.

For example,

Controlling idea: Focuses your essay. Use one of the following phrases to frame your controlling idea:

The reasons for, the causes of, the effects of, the steps for, the procedure for,

the advantages/disadvantages of, the ways/methods of, the different

parts/kinds/types of, the characteristics/traits/qualities of, the problems of, the

precautions for, the changes to, etc.

 Example topic of essay:

The most important characteristic a successful student must have. Describe the

characteristic and give reasons for your opinion.

 A complete introduction (mind mapping)

 In order to be successful, a student must have certain traits.

 Perhaps the most important characteristic is diligence.

 Being diligence is essential for many reasons (controlling idea)

 Writing introduction in a full text

In order to be successful, a student must have certain traits. These characteristics include such qualities as motivation and intelligence. Perhaps the most important characteristic is diligence. A person who is diligent works hard in a very careful and steady way. Being diligent is essential for success for many reasons.

2. The body/writing developmental paragraphs (may consist of 2-3 paragraphs): It constitutes the main part of the essay. It should present facts, ideas, illustrations and reflection of the writer in an orderly and coherent manner. It should be divided into regular paragraphs interlinked with one another, and each paragraph of the body should contain one topic sentence followed by reasons, examples and other relevant supporting details.

3. Conclusion (one paragraph): The conclusion of an essay is as important as its introduction. It should be brief and striking and also pleasing to the mind of the reader.

To write an effective concluding paragraph, follow these steps:

 Restate the thesis statement (controlling idea) in different words.

 Restate the topic sentences from the developmental paragraphs

 State your opinion or preference, make a prediction, or give a solution.

 Conclude with a statement that sums up the essay.

Examples

1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Mobile Phone

With so many benefits, mobile phones have become an essential part of our life. They facilitate communication and let us stay in touch with loved ones no matter where we are or when we want. Additionally, mobile phones offer instant access to information, which keeps us up to date on global events. They are also useful for navigation, taking pictures to save memories, and even handling our money using mobile banking.

 

But there are also some disadvantages to these advantages. Overuse of a phone can become addictive, diverting our attention and decreasing our productivity. Extended periods of screen usage can lead to health problems like strained eyes and disturbed sleep cycles. Other drawbacks include privacy issues and the possibility of cyberbullying, which emphasise how crucial it is to use mobile phones properly.

 

In conclusion, even while mobile phones are incredibly beneficial for communication, information access, and convenience, it is important to consider the possible risks they may pose to one’s health, privacy, and general well-being. Maintaining a balance in the use of mobile phones is crucial to maximise their benefits while minimising their drawbacks.

2.  Importance Of Reading Books

Excellent scholars and thinkers expressed their knowledge and understanding of life in the form of books. Many things can be understood and learned by reading. Because of this, reading is advised as a daily brain booster and a way to learn new information. Reading inspires creativity, growth, and original thought. It is a prudent investment in one's personality with countless long-lasting benefits. You have to remember the place, the characters, their backstories, their attitudes, the subplots, and a tonne of other things every time you read a book. As your brain becomes more adept at remembering everything, your memory gets better.

Reading is a fundamental skill that has numerous benefits and impacts almost every aspect of a person's life. It not only improves vocabulary, comprehension and language skills, but also expands one's knowledge, perspective and understanding of the world. Reading can also stimulate creativity and imagination, relieve stress, and provide a source of entertainment and relaxation. Additionally, reading helps to develop critical thinking and analytical skills, making individuals better equipped to solve problems and make informed decisions. In today's digital age, reading is more accessible than ever, and it can be done in a variety of formats, including books, magazines, newspapers, and e-books. The importance of reading cannot be overstated and it is a habit that should be cultivated from a young age.

3. Importance of technology in education

Technology has become an integral part of education, revolutionizing the way students learn and teachers instruct. In the contemporary educational landscape, the importance of technology cannot be overstated.

Firstly, technology enhances accessibility to educational resources. The internet provides a vast repository of information, enabling students to explore subjects beyond their textbooks. Online platforms and digital libraries offer a wealth of materials, making learning a dynamic and interactive experience.

Furthermore, technology facilitates personalized learning. Educational apps and software cater to diverse learning styles, allowing students to progress at their own pace. Adaptive learning technologies adjust content based on individual performance, ensuring a tailored educational journey for each student.

In addition, technology fosters collaboration and communication. Virtual classrooms, video conferencing, and collaborative online tools break down geographical barriers, enabling students to connect with peers and educators globally. This promotes a cross-cultural exchange of ideas and perspectives, enriching the learning environment.

Moreover, technology equips students with essential skills for the future. Proficiency in digital tools is increasingly crucial in the modern workforce. By incorporating technology into education, students develop digital literacy, problem-solving abilities, and critical thinking skills essential for success in a rapidly evolving world.

In conclusion, the integration of technology in education is paramount. It democratizes access to knowledge, tailors learning experiences, promotes collaboration, and prepares students for the demands of the digital age. Embracing technology in education is not merely a choice but a necessity for empowering the next generation with the skills and knowledge needed to thrive in a technologically driven society.

4. Pollution

Pollution is a global challenge that poses a threat to the health of our planet and its inhabitants. It manifests in various forms, including air, water, soil, noise, and light pollution. The consequences of pollution are far-reaching, affecting ecosystems, biodiversity, and human well-being. Industrial activities, urbanization, and improper waste management contribute significantly to pollution.

Air pollution, caused by the release of pollutants into the atmosphere, leads to respiratory diseases, climate change, and environmental degradation. Water pollution results from the discharge of chemicals, sewage, and industrial waste into rivers, lakes, and oceans, harming aquatic life and contaminating drinking water sources. Soil pollution occurs when pollutants like pesticides and heavy metals degrade the quality of soil, affecting plant growth and food safety.

Noise pollution, generated by traffic, industrial machinery, and other human activities, can have adverse effects on human health, causing stress, sleep disturbances, and hearing loss. Light pollution, caused by excessive artificial light in urban areas, disrupts natural ecosystems and interferes with the behavior of nocturnal animals.

Addressing pollution requires collective efforts at individual, community, and governmental levels. Individuals can contribute by adopting eco-friendly practices, reducing waste, and using sustainable modes of transportation. Industries must invest in cleaner technologies and adhere to strict environmental standards.

5. Unemployment in Nepal

Unemployment is a significant issue in Nepal, driven by a lack of technical education and opportunities. Millions of Nepalese are jobless, leading many to migrate to India, the Middle East, and other countries. Despite these migrations, about 1-2% of Nepal's 30 million population remains unemployed, exacerbating poverty and socio-economic problems.

The core issue isn't illiteracy but the lack of technical education. Nepal's schools produce graduates fit for employment in existing institutions but lack entrepreneurial skills. The country's growing population and insufficient resource mobilization hinder prosperity. Many skilled workers, including doctors who invest substantial amounts in education, find no commensurate job opportunities within Nepal.

Nepal struggles with effective Human Resource Management, leading to an oversupply of workers in saturated job markets. The government's solution of creating more governmental organizations increases national expenditure and weakens the economy further.

Addressing unemployment in Nepal requires a focus on technical and vocational education, bridging the gap between rich and poor, and controlling population growth. Encouraging industrialists to support entrepreneurs and create jobs is crucial. By optimizing financial capital to establish sustainable industries, Nepal can mitigate its unemployment problem.

1.     Tourism in Nepal.

 Nepal is renowned for its natural beauty, cultural heritage, and historical significance. Home to Mt. Everest, the highest peak in the world, Nepal attracts numerous tourists annually. The country offers snowcapped mountains, beautiful water resources, lush forests, and diverse flora and fauna.

Tourism is a vital industry in Nepal, offering various attractions for visitors. Some tourists come to enjoy natural wonders, while others seek adventure through trekking and mountain climbing. Additionally, many tourists are interested in Nepal's rich history, culture, and religion, making it a popular holiday destination.

Tourism significantly benefits Nepal by generating foreign currency, creating employment opportunities, and supporting local industries. Tourists purchase local goods, boosting cottage industries, and stay in hotels, which bolsters the hospitality sector. Additionally, tourist guides and porters find employment, further reducing unemployment. Interaction with tourists also facilitates cultural exchange and promotes Nepal's global reputation.

However, tourism poses some challenges. It can spread communicable diseases and lead to environmental pollution, as seen in litter on Mt. Everest. Some tourists may also engage in criminal activities.

Nepal faces obstacles in promoting tourism, including transportation and security issues. Many scenic spots are in remote areas without road access, relying solely on air travel. Security concerns and the lack of standard hotels in remote regions also hinder tourism growth. To enhance tourism, Nepal must improve transportation, ensure security, and provide adequate facilities for tourists. By prioritizing these areas, Nepal can attract more visitors and showcase its natural and cultural treasures

7. Social Evils and Crimes

Introduction:

‘Social Issues’ are the main factors that hinder the growth of a nation. The social issues that roots up in each society affects the country as a whole. Social issues are caused by humans and it is the humans who face its worst consequences also.

A social issue is something of real concern that affects a certain group of people. Social issues are not caused by a single person; it is the result of various happenings that are beyond a person’s control. This essay will take us through some of the social issues that are of great concern in today’s world.

Poverty:

Poverty means lack of money or material possessions and it is one of the most important social issue. The poverty level is higher in the rural areas as compared to urban areas. Poverty leads to many other social problems such as lack of food, education and health.

Gender Bias:

Discrimination based on gender is another social issue which is commonly found in most of the developing countries. Importance is given only to male and the voice of female is less heard even in the households.

Caste Discrimination:

Discriminating people based on their castes is a social issue that needs to be plucked out. This is a serious social issue because this has taken many innocent lives. Poverty and lack of education are the main reasons for such social issue to rise.

Conclusion:

Most of the social problems still exists because people are ignorant of its consequences. The Government and NGO’s must work together to eliminate the social issues from society by educating the people through awareness programmes.

8. Discipline in student life

Discipline is one of the most important things in a student’s life. It is crucial to follow the discipline in School. Along with education, students must learn the discipline in School because without the discipline; students can’t be well educated.

 

Discipline can be considered as the potential of students to do a thing or finish their task in a fixed time. The meaning of discipline is to keeping control so that students can attain their objectives.

 

Discipline in students life attract all the right things, and because of this, students gain success in each field of their life. In a student’s life, the discipline is always catered as a guide to focus on their goals. The disciplined life is classified by success, efficiency, and better time management.

9. Cell Phone and Student

Cellphones are a major requirement of today's era. Being a major means of telecommunications, it has become so popular that even the student class has not been able to stay away from its attraction.

Today, cellphone has become less a means of telecommunications and more a means of entertainment. It is not being used more by the student for imparting knowledge or messages, but for listening to music, watching videos and playing games. Reading and driving while listening to songs with a cellphone in the ear is the passion of today's student.

Cell phones have also increased the habit of extravagant spending among students. The burden of this additional expense falls on the parents or the students adopt the wrong way to meet their expenses.

Due to misuse of cell phones, the student has deviated from his bright future and is going towards wrong direction. Rudeness and antisociality are beginning to flourish in the student. Life is not going towards improvement but going on wrong path.

It is the duty of the students to keep the distance from the charm of cell phones and make their future bright by studying. For this work, students should always be inspired by the teachers and parents. 

10. Importance of Agriculture in Nepal

Most people in Nepal are farmers, relying on agriculture as the backbone of the country. It supplies daily necessities and offers numerous benefits. Agriculture provides fresh crops, vegetables, and fruits directly from farms. However, agricultural development in Nepal has not been prioritized. Many farmers use traditional farming methods due to a lack of training and education, resulting in lower productivity. Those who are trained and use modern methods see better results, but irrigation, modern fertilizers, improved seeds, and safe storage facilities are still insufficient.

The country’s development hinges on agricultural advancement. An agro-based country must be able to feed its population to accelerate development. If Nepal imports food, it loses money, slowing development. Conversely, producing surplus crops, vegetables, and fruits can lead to exports, earning foreign currency and boosting the economy.

Agriculture employs the majority of Nepal's workforce. Proper development of this sector can significantly reduce unemployment, as agriculture-based industries provide various raw materials. Developing agriculture is crucial for daily needs, increasing exports, reducing imports, solving unemployment, and supplying raw materials to industries.

Therefore, the government and relevant sectors must prioritize the modernization and development of agriculture in Nepal. Investing in this sector can transform the economy and improve the quality of life for its citizens.

11. Use and Misuse of Internet

The internet is a vital part of modern life, connecting people globally and offering vast information and resources. However, it can also be misused, leading to negative consequences for individuals and society.

One major misuse is the spread of misinformation and fake news. The internet allows anyone to publish content, making it hard to verify accuracy. This can result in widespread misinformation, such as false COVID-19 information, leading to dangerous health decisions and increased political polarization and mistrust in democratic institutions.

Cybercrime is another significant misuse. The internet facilitates access to personal information, enabling crimes like identity theft, fraud, and extortion. It also supports illicit activities like human trafficking, drug trafficking, and the sale of illegal goods and services.

The internet can negatively impact mental health and well-being. Social media can cause anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem, especially among young people. Additionally, it provides access to illegal and harmful content, such as child pornography, with severe societal consequences.

Personal relationships can also suffer. Social media can foster jealousy, conflict, and insecurity. Poor online communication can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts, further straining relationships.

In conclusion, while the internet is essential and offers many benefits, its misuse can harm individuals and society. Responsible internet use and collective efforts from the government, private organizations, and individuals are crucial to mitigate these negative effects and protect public safety.

12. My Aim in Life

Everyone in the world should have a clear aim, as it provides purpose and direction in life. Without a goal, one is likely to fail. As I envision my future, I am determined to become a good teacher for several reasons.

Firstly, teachers have a profound impact on society. They nurture responsible and accountable citizens who can drive positive change in their communities, contributing to nation-building. Secondly, as a teacher, I can help preserve indigenous knowledge and resources, inspiring people to understand themselves and their cultural heritage. This self-awareness is crucial for making meaningful contributions to the world. Lastly, teaching allows for continuous learning and self-improvement, keeping me active academically, professionally, and physically.

Many might not favor my choice, thinking it lacks financial rewards. However, wealth is not my primary motivator. As long as I can meet my basic needs and live respectably, I will find joy in teaching. Additionally, the thought of my students excelling in various fields and enriching society with their character and skills is incredibly fulfilling. Training young minds to become valuable community members is my life's objective.

In conclusion, pursuing this aim brings me immense satisfaction. The journey itself is rewarding and enriching

13. Student Life

Student life is the best part of a person’s life, marking the transition from childhood to adulthood. A student spends many formative years in school, where their future is shaped. It is here that a child's development truly begins.

Student life starts on the first day of school. During this time, students learn many valuable lessons, and their main duty is to absorb this knowledge. This stage is crucial for building the foundation of their lives, emphasizing the importance of hard work and dedication. A good life is crafted through effort and learning.

This period is also when students should aim for a balanced development of their mental and physical faculties. They need to acquire skills and knowledge that will benefit themselves, their society, and their country. Utilizing every moment of this important period to prepare for life's challenges is essential.

Student life is often called the golden stage of life. During this time, we make lasting friendships and create memories that leave a deep impression. We also learn to compete and engage in extracurricular activities like debates, quizzes, dancing, and singing.

In conclusion, student life is vital because it lays the foundation for adulthood. Many students may not realize the importance of this period and waste their time, which is unfortunate. It's crucial to distinguish between good and bad choices during this stage. By learning positive values and skills now, we can contribute significantly to the nation's development in our later years.

14. My favorite Hobby

Man is not a machine; he cannot work endlessly without rest. Our lives would become dull if we were always occupied with the same tasks. To keep ourselves refreshed, we need a hobby.

A hobby is a favorite pastime that differs from our daily work. There are various kinds of hobbies because people have different interests. Some enjoy collecting stamps and coins, while others are drawn to painting, music, and dancing. Photography, gardening, and listening to music are also popular. Additionally, some people love reading their favorite authors or writing for pleasure.

Each hobby provides joy and satisfaction. My favorite hobby is gardening. I am deeply interested in it as it keeps me busy and my mind engaged. It also offers plenty of physical exercise.

Gardening brings me mental peace. The fatigue from long work hours disappears when I am in the garden. My hobby is constructive and sometimes even profitable, as I can grow vegetables. Without my garden, my life would be dull. Gardening is a useful pastime, combining pleasure with profit.

15. Importance of Education

Education is crucial for personal and societal development. It empowers individuals with knowledge, skills, and critical thinking abilities, enabling them to contribute meaningfully to their communities. Education opens doors to better job opportunities, leading to economic stability and improved quality of life.

At a personal level, education fosters intellectual growth and self-discipline. It broadens perspectives, encouraging individuals to understand and appreciate diverse cultures and viewpoints. This understanding promotes tolerance and reduces societal conflicts.

Education also plays a pivotal role in societal progress. An educated populace is better equipped to tackle complex problems, innovate, and drive economic growth. Education promotes informed citizenship, essential for the functioning of a healthy democracy. Educated individuals are more likely to participate in civic activities, vote, and engage in community service.

Moreover, education contributes to social equity. It helps bridge the gap between different socio-economic groups by providing everyone with the tools to succeed, regardless of their background. This fosters a more inclusive and just society.

In conclusion, the importance of education cannot be overstated. It is a powerful tool that transforms lives, drives economic growth, promotes social harmony, and ensures democratic participation. Investing in education is investing in a brighter future for individuals and society as a whole.

16. Are private schools better than government schools?

Few things are more important for parents than their child's education. In many countries, parents often choose between private schools and government schools. Government schools are funded and run by local or central governments, while private schools rely almost entirely on the fees they charge. Before deciding where to educate their child, parents should examine the differences between these two types of schools, especially regarding curriculum, quality of tuition, and student achievement.

Both private and government schools aim to develop students' knowledge, skills, and character, preparing them for their future. They also organize their teaching and assessment similarly, using terms or semesters with evaluations at the end of the academic year.

Despite these similarities, there are notable differences. The range of subjects taught in government schools is often limited by the national curriculum. In contrast, private schools can offer a broader choice of subjects due to their greater financial resources for equipment, technology, and staff.

Government school teachers must have recognized teaching qualifications and are paid according to a national scale. Private schools can offer higher salaries and may attract subject specialists with considerable expertise.

Generally, government schools have a higher student-teacher ratio, while private schools offer smaller classes. This can lead to better discipline and higher academic standards. Consequently, many parents believe that private schools are better than government schools.

17. Education for women

Education is the initial step in supporting women to choose the way of life they want to lead. It is the foundation of development and plays a vital role in the progress of society. A woman is the core of the society because she organises household activities, deals with family members and supports children to grow up in the right way. She is the first teacher, hence, a woman must be knowledgeable, conscious, cooperative and much more - qualities that can be nurtured through education.

In this competitive society, a country needs productive manpower to move ahead. Only then will people develop a positive attitude towards development. According to the Nepal Living Standards Survey 2010-2011 (NLSS- III), Nepal has an adult literacy rate of 56.6%, with huge differences between men and women. While male literacy rate is 71.6%, it is only 44.5% for women. This shows that girls’ education is still not a priority in families, although it is improving.

Women make up only about 16% of undergraduates and 11% of doctorate degrees in engineering, less than 22% of doctorate degrees in maths and physical sciences and 28% of undergraduates and 15% of doctorate degrees in computer and information sciences.

In contrast, women continue to earn the largest proportion of degrees at all levels in the fields they have traditionally dominated, such as health professions, which include nursing, physical therapy and health administration (83%), and education (77%). One way to enhance female education in the country is through co-education, although it is still frowned upon in some places as in the past. While studying together with the boys, girls learn that they are just as competitive as the boys and are in no way inferior to them. This develops confidence in them. Co-education is particularly important in the rural areas where early marriage and lack of awareness on the part of parents prevent girls from attending school, or even if they do, drop out mid-way.

Women’s literacy can be improved through adult literacy programmes, social workers as well as conscious individuals. The central government as well as all the seven provinces should, thus, give high priority to women’s education. Furthermore, women themselves should be more conscious and active to uplift their status. To promote sustainable development, women’s education needs to be promoted by providing equal opportunity to them on the basis of equity.

18. Present political Situation of Nepal

·       Nepal is a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system.It has three political parties recognised in the federal parliament: Nepal Communist Party (NCP), Nepali Congress (NC),and Janata Samajbadi Party, Nepal (JSPN).Of the two major parties both of which officially espouse democratic socialism, NCP is considered leftist while Nepali Congress is considered centrist. During most of the brief periods of democratic exercise in the 1950s and the 1990s, Nepali Congress held majority of seats in parliament; CPN (UML) was its competitor in the 1990s.After the Maoists entered the political process in 2006, they emerged as the third largest party.In the aftermath of the 2017 elections, the first one according to the new constitution, NCP, formed by the merger of CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre) has become the ruling party at the federal level and in six out of seven provinces.The Madhesi coalition, comprising Samajbadi Party, Nepal and Rastriya Janata Party, Nepal, which later merged to form JSPN, formed the provincial government in Province No. 2, though it has negligible presence in the rest of the country. Though Nepali Congress has a significantly reduced representation, it is the only major opposition to the ruling communist party in all levels of government.

19. My Best Friend

Friendships that are full of love & warmth are the most priceless ones in a person’s life. They have a very important role to play in our lives. One of the best things that we should be thankful to God is, having best friends. What better than having a true best friend with whom we can share all our highs & lows. The love & support a best friend provides is truly exceptional. Life gets a new meaning, when there is a best friend who always makes you happy.

One of my life’s greatest treasures, is my best friend. Time passes away swiftly when I’m spending time with her. My best friend, Monali, is always there for me whenever I need her. We have shared so many experiences together and have memories of a lifetime. Monali is the first person I think of, when I am in a tough spot. In my bad days, she has always been there to lift my spirits up & given me good advice. I can always rely on her. We both help each other out whenever we can. We spend our time together, talking about our day-to-day life, reading books, dancing, watching movies & trying out new things.

20. Facebook

Facebook has become one of the most popular social networking sites, offering numerous benefits and some drawbacks. With over a billion users, Facebook provides several advantages, such as free video calling, photo and video sharing, and connecting with people worldwide. It’s an excellent platform for reconnecting with old friends and making new ones while learning about different cultures and traditions. Facebook also facilitates group discussions, chatting, and business activities. Users can sell products or services, enhance sales, and use Facebook Ads to target specific audiences. Additionally, it offers entertainment through gaming options and serves as a valuable source of news and information.

However, Facebook also has notable drawbacks. Privacy concerns are significant, with many cases highlighting issues of data misuse. There are risks of theft, virus attacks, and spam emails. More seriously, Facebook has been criticized for hosting and facilitating access to inappropriate content, including child pornography and connections between minors and predators. Additionally, Facebook addiction can lead to wasted time and reduced productivity, as users may find themselves endlessly scrolling through content.

In conclusion, Facebook can be a powerful tool for communication, marketing, and networking if used responsibly. While it offers many benefits, it is crucial to manage its use carefully to avoid the potential negative impacts.

21. Cybercrime

Cybercrime is a criminal activity done online using a computer, network and internet. With the increasing use of the internet and mobile phones, the number of criminal activities has also gained pace.  These criminal-minded people steal the personal details of a person, which leads to financial losses and damages the reputation of the victims. Various scams and fraudulent schemes are offered on the internet like online auctions, advance fees, or any investment scam, which are all aimed at deceiving individuals into parting with their money.

Cybercrime is not limited to financial losses or reputational damage, a more discrete term has emerged; cyberbullying.  In cyberbullying, a person is harassed, humiliated, or threatened online. This can have severe psychological and emotional consequences. Ethical hackers or white hat hackers can help organizations identify vulnerabilities in their systems before malicious hackers exploit them. 

Cybercrime doesn’t have any boundaries and is an international issue and international cooperation is crucial for tracking and prosecuting cybercriminals who operate across borders. To combat cybercrime effectively, a multi-faceted approach is required, involving education, technology, legislation, and international cooperation. As technology continues to advance, our efforts to combat cybercrime must keep pace to protect our increasingly interconnected world.

22. Cyber bullying

Cyber-bullying is mostly common among teenagers, children and occurs when one is threatened, harassed or humiliated with digital and interactive technologies. The methods used in cyberbullying are the only access to technology. Cyber-bullying can result in detrimental effects on both the bully and the bullied. The worst consequences of cyber-bullying are the fatal impact of such instances. The other vital reason is that bullies are normally instigators in nature, and with the cyberspace, they can involve a large number of people. Cybersecurity plays an important role in preventing some difficult and heinous crimes like blackmailing, fraud transactions through another account, leakage of personal information. It is the responsibility of every citizen to spread awareness among everyone and keep their system and network security updated to prevent cyber attacks from happening worldwide. Internet users should be properly educated on how to be immune to internet dangers.

23. Corruption

We all are well familiar of the corruption and as it is not a new phenomenon in our country. It has taken its roots so deeply in the people’s mind. It is a very common poison in the society since ancient time. It is available from the history time of the Mughal and Sultanate period. It is reaching to its new height. It has affected the mind of people to a great extent and become so common that wrong people can play with the public life. It is a type of greediness which corrupt human mind and destroy one’s humanity and naturalness.

Corruption is of different types which has been spread in every filed like education, sports, games, politics, etc. Because of the corruption, one does not understand his/her responsibilities at work place. Corruptions are like theft, dishonesty, wastage of public property, wastage of time unnecessarily, exploitation, scams, scandals, malpractice of responsibilities, etc are the various types of corruption. It has made its roots in both developing and well developed countries. We need to remove corruption from our society and country in order to get real freedom from the slavery. We all need to be loyal towards our responsibilities and strict for any type of greediness.

24.  Global Warming

Global warming is a critical environmental concern that poses a significant threat to India’s ecological balance, economic development, and public health. It is characterized by the gradual increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature, mainly due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere.

These gases are primarily released through human activities like industrialization, vehicle emissions, and deforestation. The impact of global warming in India is manifold, affecting the country’s agriculture, leading to erratic monsoon patterns, causing extreme weather events, and endangering wildlife and marine life.

Indian academic institutions and researchers are deeply engaged in studying these impacts, developing technologies for clean energy, and promoting sustainable practices among communities. Schools are incorporating environmental studies into their curricula, emphasizing the role of young minds in combating global warming.

25. Importance of English Language

As today’s world is progressing in all aspects and fields, the English Language is becoming extremely important. Most of the transactions, legal documents, official communications, conversations, etc. are done in English. The information available on the internet is mainly in English, hence, we can say that the English Language is the language of the internet.

Furthermore, The English Language can be of great advantage in getting a job easily. Since it is the language used in various fields, it automatically increases the chances of an individual landing a good job in a well-reputed company. As the English Language is the official language of 53 countries, it helps an individual connect with new people without language becoming a barrier.

 

Whether you are an employee or an employer, it doesn’t matter. The Engish Language benefits everyone. Especially for students who wish to study abroad, should definitely learn the English Language. A lot of countries, even the ones where English is not even an official language, encourage students to learn English as a secondary language. Learning the English Language will definitely help you in various business endeavors that you may choose to pursue. With the numerous benefits and reasons mentioned above, and countless unnamed ones, it is clear to say that the importance of the English Language is more than meets the eye, and learning the same would open doors to countless opportunities. 

26. Advantages of Travelling

Travelling is a transformative experience that opens up a world of possibilities and enriches our lives in countless ways. Whether it’s a weekend getaway to a nearby town or an adventure across continents, the act of travelling transcends mere movement; it’s a journey of self-discovery and exploration.

One of the best aspects of travelling is the exposure to diverse cultures. When we venture beyond our familiar surroundings, we encounter people with different traditions, languages, and perspectives. This exposure fosters empathy and a deeper understanding of the global community. It allows us to break down stereotypes and prejudices, promoting a more interconnected and peaceful world.

Travelling also provides an opportunity for personal growth. It challenges us to step out of our comfort zones and adapt to new situations. Whether it’s navigating through a bustling market in Marrakech or communicating with locals in Tokyo, these experiences build resilience and self-confidence. We also learn problem-solving skills, become more adaptable, and develop a greater sense of independence.

Furthermore, travel offers a chance to connect with nature. Travelling is a gateway to history and art. Visiting ancient ruins, museums, and historical sites immerses us in the rich tapestry of human civilization. It deepens our appreciation for the accomplishments and struggles of those who came before us, fostering a sense of heritage and a connection to our shared past.

In conclusion, travelling is not just about going from one place to another; it’s a journey of self-discovery, cultural immersion, personal growth, and appreciation for the world we inhabit. It broadens our horizons, challenges our assumptions, and enriches our lives in ways that few other experiences can. So, whether you’re exploring a distant land or simply taking a road trip to a neighbouring town, embrace the opportunity to travel and let it transform you.

27. Essay on Violence Against Women

Violence against women is a pervasive and deeply rooted issue that affects millions of women worldwide. It takes many forms, including physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological abuse. This violence is often perpetrated by intimate partners, family members, or strangers, and can have devastating consequences for the victims.

Women who experience violence are more likely to suffer from physical and mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. They may also face social stigma, isolation, and economic hardship as a result of the abuse.

Efforts to address violence against women must involve a multi-faceted approach that includes raising awareness, providing support services for survivors, holding perpetrators accountable, and challenging societal norms that perpetuate gender-based violence. It is crucial that we work together to create a world where all women can live free from violence and fear.

28. Sexual Harassment

Sexual harassment has profound and far-reaching effects. Victims often experience shame, guilt, embarrassment, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Beyond emotional distress, sexual harassment can negatively impact professional and academic performance. Many victims feel pressured to quit their jobs or drop out of school to escape the harassment, which can have long-term consequences for their careers and educational opportunities.

Combating sexual harassment requires a proactive approach from both individuals and institutions. This includes creating and enforcing policies and procedures that explicitly prohibit sexual harassment and providing training and education to employees and students on recognizing and reporting it. Creating a supportive and inclusive environment is crucial, so victims feel comfortable coming forward and seeking justice.

Individuals must also be aware of their behavior and its impact on others. Respecting boundaries, consent, and personal autonomy is essential in preventing sexual harassment. Being an ally and advocate for victims, and speaking out against inappropriate behavior and attitudes, is also important.

Ultimately, sexual harassment is a violation of human rights and a form of discrimination that has no place in society. By raising awareness, providing support, and holding individuals and institutions accountable, we can work towards a world where everyone is treated with dignity, respect, and equality, free from the fear of sexual harassment.

 

29. National Unity

National unity means coming together as one cohesive nation, despite our differences. People from various castes, speaking different languages, following different religions, and living diverse lifestyles all contribute to the fabric of a single nation. In India, for instance, Hindus, Buddhists, Muslims, Sikhs, and others coexist, demonstrating our unity.

The power of unity is evident in many ways. Unity is our strength. Consider a drop of water—alone, it can't do much. But millions of drops together can form a river capable of sweeping away entire villages. Similarly, a single thread is weak, easily broken by a child. However, when many threads are woven together into a thick rope, even an elephant can't break it. This illustrates how unity transforms individual weakness into collective strength.

Unity fosters peace and development. When we maintain good relationships with one another, enemies can't exploit our divisions. Peace allows development projects to proceed smoothly, benefiting the entire country. Currently, we experience glimpses of peace, but development is hampered by political instability and divisive ideologies. These divisions, based on region, caste, and religion, are increasing poverty and hindering progress.

The government of Nepal emphasizes the importance of national unity. Educating villagers about its value is crucial. Criminal activities should be met with appropriate punishment to maintain order and justice.

National unity is the cornerstone of a peaceful, prosperous society. By embracing our differences and working together, we can build a stronger, more developed nation.

30. The Importance of Natural Resources in Nepal

Nepal, a landlocked country in South Asia, is known for its rich natural resources that play a crucial role in its economy and livelihoods of its people. Natural resources such as minerals, water, forests, and agricultural land contribute significantly to various sectors, including agriculture, hydropower, tourism, and manufacturing.

One key natural resource in Nepal is water. The country is blessed with an abundance of rivers and water bodies, which has enabled the development of hydropower projects. Hydropower is a major source of electricity in Nepal and is crucial for meeting the energy demands of industries and households.

Another important natural resource in Nepal is its forests. Forests cover a significant portion of the country and provide various environmental and economic benefits. They help regulate climate, prevent soil erosion, and support biodiversity. Moreover, forests contribute to the livelihoods of many Nepalese through timber production, non-timber forest products, and tourism.

Agricultural land is also a valuable natural resource in Nepal. The majority of the population in Nepal is engaged in agriculture, which heavily relies on fertile land and favorable climatic conditions. Agriculture not only provides food security but also contributes to employment and economic growth.

In conclusion, natural resources are of vital importance in Nepal, sustaining its economy, environment, and people's livelihoods. The responsible management and conservation of these resources are essential for the sustainable development of the country.

31. Healthy habits and their importance in life 

It is very important to acquire habits that will help us to be disciplined in life and shape us in a good personality and by following healthy habits we can achieve one. Attaining healthy habits will help us to have self-control and maintain good health both physically and mentally.

To be in very good shape in life, we have to eat healthily and do exercises daily as both of these are the preliminary aspects to stay healthy in life.  Not only eat healthily but also we have to see that we should intake food in time and never skip meals in a day. By acquiring healthy habits, we can prevent ourselves from getting ill, thus maintaining good health. To be a successful person, one should follow strictly all the healthy habits. Every person must take at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep daily.

If we do not make efforts to obey healthy habits, then it will be a complete mess to grow as an individual. For the betterment of the future and for setting an example for our next generation so that they also acquire the same, we should follow such habits. We will be able to distinguish between which things to promote and which to demote in life and that is an essential feature of an individual.

Exercises:

1. "Single family concept is going to shift our cultural values and norms of joint family". Write an essay expressing your views mentioning at least four advantages and four disadvantages on single family in about 200 words. [2080 MP]

 

2. Females cover half of the total population in Nepal. However, all are not educated. As a result they lose many economic, political and social opportunities. Write an essay on importance of female education in about 200 words. [2080 LP]

 

3. These days many people are migrating to the cities from villages for various reasons. This has made the villages nearly empty and the cities crowded. Write an essay in about 200 words describing at least four reasons why people are migrating to the cities. [2080 Ka.P]

 

4. Write an essay on "Agriculture is the backbone of national economy of Nepal in approximately 200 words. [2079 BP]

 

5. Write an essay on why rapid population growth is the main barrier to development for the society. Write approximately 200 words giving three reasons. [2079 LP]

 

6. Write an essay in about 200 words on 'Uses and Misuses of Internet in our Daily life'. [2078 Ko.P]

 

7. Write an essay on "Importance of Modern Agriculture in Nepal" in about 200 words. [2078 MP]

 

8. Write an essay giving your views on "Use of Cellphone in school life". (In about 200 words) [2078 BP]

9. Q.No. 8 Write an essay on "Role of discipline in students' life". (In about 200 words) [2078 LP]

10. Write an essay in about 200 words on 'Social Evils in our Community'. [2078 SP]

 

11. Write an essay on 'Tourism in Nepal' in about 200 words. [2075 Ko.P]

12. Write an essay on "Unemployment in Nepal" in about 200 words. [2075 MP]

13. Write an essay on 'Environmental Pollution' in about 200 words. [2075 BP]

14. Write an essay on "Forest Resources of Nepal" in about 150 words. 2. Write an essay on "Gender Violence" in about 150 words.

15.  Write an essay on "Importance of Social Harmony for New Nepal" in about 150 words. Write an essay on "The Role of Computers in Modern Life" in about 200 words.

16. Write an essay on "My Aim in Life" in about 200 words.

17. Write an essay on "Wild Animals in Nepal" in about 150 words.

18. Write an essay on "The Importance of Reading" in about 200 words.

19.  Write an essay on "The Use of Modern Technology in Education" in about 200 words.

20. Write an essay on "Environmental Pollution" in about 200 words.

21. Write an essay on "Unemployment in Nepal" in about 200 words.

22. Write an essay on "Tourism in Nepal" in about 200 words. 12. Write an article to be published in a newspaper on 'Environmental Pollution' in about 150 words

23. Write an essay on 'The Dowry System" in about 200 words with the help of the clues given below.

Introduction.......why it is in practice......its impacts in the society.......your opinion to minimize it....conclusion.

24. Write an essay on 'A School Excursion' in about 200 words.

25. Write an essay on 'Our Culture, Our Identity' in about 200 words.

26. Write an essay on 'Unity in Diversity' in about 200 words.

27. Write an essay on 'Importance of Cottage Industries in Nepal' in about 200 words.

28. Write an essay on 'Generation Gap' in about 200 words.

29. Write an essay on 'Child Labour' in about 200 words.

 

30 . Write an essay on 'Advantages and Disadvantages of Foreign Employment' in about 200 words.

31. Write an essay on Environmental Pollution' in about 200 words. Use the following clues:

Meaning of environmental pollution the cities of Nepal....... suggestions. kinds and causes of pollution ....... conclusion

32. Write an essay on 'Natural Resources in Nepal' in about 200 words. Use the following clues:

 

Introduction -names of resources and their utilities- suggestions -conclusion.

33. Write an essay on 'Importance of English Language' in about 200 words. Use the following clues:

Introduction of language- coverage –- influence of English language over the world wide considered as an international language ....its importance.......... conclusion

34. Write an essay on 'My Nepal, My Pride' in about 200 words.

35. Write an essay on 'Human Rights' in about 200 words. Use the following clues:

Introduction ......different examples...........importance.............present situation in Nepal. things to be improved.. conclusion.

 

36. Write an essay on "Electricity and its importance" in about 200 words. Use the following clues:

Introduction - importance of electricity in daily life - various uses of electric power - its dangers - conclusion.